Gemstones are naturally occurring minerals or rocks that are prized for their beauty and rarity. They are used in jewelry, decorative items, and even in some industrial applications. Gemstones can be found in many countries around the world, and each country has its own unique geological characteristics that affect the type and quality of gemstones found there. In addition to their origin countries, gemstones also vary in their hardness. The hardness of a gemstone is measured on the Mohs scale, which ranges from 1 (very soft) to 10 (very hard). A gemstone’s hardness affects its durability and suitability for different types of jewelry. 
When choosing a gemstone for jewelry, it’s important to consider its hardness and durability. Harder gemstones, such as diamonds and sapphires, are more suitable for rings and other pieces of jewelry that will be worn regularly. Softer gemstones, such as opals and pearls, are better suited for earrings, necklaces, and other types of jewelry that are less likely to be subjected to wear and tear. In conclusion, the origin country and hardness of a gemstone are important factors to consider when selecting a gemstone for jewelry. Each country produces unique gemstones with their own characteristics, and a gemstone’s hardness affects its durability and suitability for different types of jewelry.
Gemstone
Country
Hardness
Parent Gemstone
ActinoliteCanada, USA5-6Amphibole
AdamiteMexico, Chile3.5-4.5Arsenate
AgateBrazil, Uruguay6.5-7Chalcedony
AlbiteBrazil, Madagascar6-6.5Feldspar
AlexandriteRussia, Brazil8.5Chrysoberyl
AlgodoniteMexico3-4Sulfide
Almandine GarnetIndia, USA7-7.5Garnet
AmazoniteRussia, Brazil6-6.5Feldspar
AmberDominican Republic, Baltic region2-2.5Organic
AmblygoniteBrazil, USA6-7Phosphate
AmethystBrazil, Uruguay7Quartz
AmetrineBolivia7Quartz
AmmoliteCanada3.5-4Aragonite
AnalcimeUSA, Italy5-5.5Zeolite
AnataseSwitzerland5.5-6Titanium oxide
AndalusiteSpain, France7-7.5Silicate
AndesineUSA, Canada, China6-6.5Plagioclase
AndraditeUSA, Mexico, Russia6.5-7Garnet
AnglesiteUK, Mexico2.5-3Sulfate
AnorthiteUSA, Canada6-6.5Feldspar
ApatiteBrazil, Mexico, Russia5Phosphate
ApophylliteIndia, Brazil4.5-5Zeolite
AquamarineBrazil, Pakistan7.5-8Beryl
AragoniteSpain, Mexico3.5-4Carbonate
AugeliteUSA, Chile6-7Phosphate
AxiniteFrance, Italy6.5-7Silicate
AzuriteMorocco, USA3.5-4Carbonate
BariteUSA, China, India2.5-3.5Sulfate
BayldoniteMexico, USA4.5Arsenate
BenitoiteUSA6-6.5Silicate
BerylBrazil, Colombia, USA7.5-8Cyclosilicate
BerylloniteUSA, Madagascar5.5-6Phosphate
Bicolor SpodumeneAfghanistan, USA6.5-7Pyroxene
BismutotantaliteAustralia, Brazil6Oxide
BloodstoneIndia, Brazil6.5-7Chalcedony
Blue SpinelMyanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania7.5-8Oxide
BoleiteMexico3-3.5Halide
BoraciteGermany, Russia7Halide
BorniteUSA, Mexico, Morocco3Sulfide
BrazilianiteBrazil, USA5.5-6Phosphate
BreithauptiteCanada3.5-4Sulfide
BrookitePakistan, USA5.5-6Oxide
BruciteUSA, Russia2.5-3.5Hydroxide
BustamiteUSA, Peru, South Africa5.5-6.5Silicate
BytowniteCanada, Norway6-6.5Plagioclase
CalciteWorldwide3Carbonate
CanasiteCanada5-6Sorosilicate
CancriniteRussia, Canada5-6Feldspathoid
CarnelianWorldwide6.5-7Chalcedony
CassiteriteWorldwide6-7Oxide
CatapleiiteRussia, Greenland5-6Neso-silicate
CelestiteWorldwide3-3.5Sulfate
CeruleiteUSA2.5-3Carbonate
CerussiteWorldwide3-3.5Carbonate
ChabaziteWorldwide4.5-5Zeolite
ChalcedonyWorldwide6.5-7Silicate
ChambersiteRussia4.5-5Carbonate
CharoiteRussia5-6Inosilicate
ChildreniteBrazil3-4Phosphate
ChioliteGreenland2.5-3Halide
ChromiteWorldwide5.5-6.5Oxide
ChrysoberylWorldwide8.5Oxide
ChrysocollaWorldwide2-4Silicate
ChrysopraseAustralia6.5-7Chalcedony
CinnabarWorldwide2-2.5Sulfide
CitrineBrazil7Quartz
ClinochloreWorldwide2-3Phyllosilicate
CobaltiteWorldwide5.5-6Arsenide
ColemaniteUSA, Turkey4.5-5.5Borate
Color Change GarnetMadagascar, Kenya7-7.5Nesosilicate
Color Change SapphireMadagascar9Oxide
DanburiteMexico, Russia7-7.5Nesosilicate
DatoliteWorldwide5-5.5Sorosilicate
Demantoid GarnetRussia, Namibia6.5-7.5Nesosilicate
DiamondWorldwide10Native Element
DiasporeTurkey6.5-7Oxide
DickinsoniteUSA2.5-3Carbonate
DiopsideWorldwide5.5-6.5Inosilicate
DioptaseCongo, Russia5Cyclosilicate
DolomiteWorldwide3.5-4Carbonate
DumortieriteWorldwide7-8Nesosilicate
EkaniteTanzania5-6Inosilicate
EmeraldColombia, Zambia7.5-8Cyclosilicate
EnstatiteWorldwide5.5-6Inosilicate
EosphoriteBrazil, USA5-5.5Phosphate
EpidoteWorldwide6-7Sorosilicate
EttringiteGermany, USA2.5-3.5Sulfate
EuclaseColombia, Zimbabwe7.5-8Cyclosilicate
EudialyteGreenland, Russia5-6Cyclosilicate
EuxeniteNorway, Greenland5-6Oxide
FergusoniteCanada, Madagascar, USA5-5.5Oxide
FluoriteWorldwide4Halide
Freshwater PearlWorldwide2.5-4.5Carbonate
FriedeliteCanada, Russia4.5Inosilicate
GadoliniteMadagascar, Norway, USA6.5-7Nesosilicate
GahnospinelMyanmar, Tajikistan7-7.5Spinel
GarnetWorldwide6.5-7.5Nesosilicate
GaylussiteCanada, USA2.5-3.5Carbonate
GrandidieriteMadagascar7.5Nesosilicate
Grossular ClinochloreUSA6.5-7Inosilicate
Grossular GarnetItaly, Kenya, Tanzania, USA6.5-7.5Nesosilicate
GypsumWorldwide2Sulfate
HambergiteAfghanistan, USA7.5-8Cyclosilicate
HaüyneItaly, Canada5.5-6Tectosilicate
HeliodorBrazil, Madagascar, Namibia, Russia7.5-8Cyclosilicate
HematiteWorldwide5.5-6.5Oxide
HemimorphiteWorldwide4.5-5Sorosilicate
HerderiteAfghanistan, Brazil, USA5-5.5Phosphate
HessoniteIndia, Sri Lanka6.5-7.5Nesosilicate
HodgkinsoniteDemocratic Republic of Congo3.5-4Carbonate
HoltiteKazakhstan5.5-6Inosilicate
HowliteCanada, USA3.5-7Borate
HumiteAfghanistan, Italy, Russia6-7Sorosilicate
HureauliteBrazil, USA5-5.5Phosphate
HurlbutiteUSA4.5-5Nesoborosilicate
Hydrogrossular GarnetCanada, Italy, Kenya, Tanzania6.5-7.5Nesosilicate
HyperitdiabasGermany5-6Igneous Rock/ Diorite
InderiteIndia5.5 – 6.5Tourmaline
Indochinite TektiteVietnamTektite
IoliteIndia7 – 7.5Cordierite
JadeiteMyanmar6.5 – 7Pyroxene
JasperWorldwide6.5 – 7Chalcedony
JeremejeviteNamibia6 – 7.5Borate
JetWorldwide2.5 – 4Coal
KämmereriteTurkey2.5 – 3Chromite
KornerupineTanzania6 – 7Borosilicate
KurnakoviteRussia3.5Sulfate
KyaniteWorldwide4.5 – 7Silicate
LabradoriteCanada6 – 6.5Feldspar
LangbeiniteUSA3Sulfate
Lapis LazuliAfghanistan5 – 5.5Rock
LaserblueUSAChalcedony
LawsoniteUSA7.5 – 8Zeolite
LazuliteWorldwide5 – 6Phosphate
LegranditeMexico3.5 – 4Arsenate
LepidoliteWorldwide2.5 – 4Mica
LeuciteItaly5.5 – 6Feldspathoid
LinariteUSA, Mexico2.5 – 3.5Sulfate
LudlamiteUSA3.5 – 4.5Phosphate
MagnesiteWorldwide3.5 – 4Carbonate
MalachiteWorldwide3.5 – 4Carbonate
Mali GarnetMali7 – 7.5Garnet
Mandarin GarnetNamibia7 – 7.5Garnet
ManganotantaliteMadagascar6Oxide
MarcasiteWorldwide6 – 6.5Sulfide
MeliphaniteRussia5 – 6Sorosilicate
MelliteGermany2 – 2.5Organic
MicroclineWorldwide6 – 6.5Feldspar
MicroliteBrazil5 – 7Oxide
MilariteSwitzerland4.5-5Silicate
MilleriteUSA, Canada3-3.5Sulfide
MimetiteNamibia, Mexico3.5-4.5Lead Chloride
MoldaviteCzech Republic5.5-6Tektite
MonaziteBrazil, India5-5.5Phosphate
MoonstoneIndia, Sri Lanka6-6.5Feldspar
MordeniteUSA, India4.5-5Zeolite
MorganiteBrazil, USA7.5-8Beryl
NambuliteAustralia4-4.5Copper arsenate
Natural PearlWorldwide2.5-4.5Nacreous
NephelineRussia, Canada5.5-6Silicate
NephriteChina, Canada6-6.5Jade
NeptuniteUSA5-6Silicate
ObsidianWorldwide5-5.5Volcanic Glass
OligoclaseUSA, Norway6-6.5Feldspar
OnyxUSA, Mexico6.5-7Chalcedony
Opal StoneAustralia, Mexico5.5-6.5Mineraloid
Oregon SunstoneUSA6-6.5Feldspar
OrthoclaseWorldwide6-6.5Feldspar
Paraíba TourmalineBrazil, Nigeria7.0-7.5Tourmaline
PargasiteItaly, USA, Canada5.5-6.0Amphibole
ParisiteMadagascar, USA4.5-5.0Carbonate
PearlWorldwide2.5-4.5Nacre
PentlanditeCanada, Russia3.5-4.0Sulfide
PericlaseRussia5.5-6.5Oxide
PeridotWorldwide6.5-7.0Olivine
PeristeriteRussia6.0-6.5Plagioclase
PerthiteWorldwide6.0-6.5Feldspar
PetaliteBrazil, USA, Madagascar6.0-6.5Lithium Aluminum Silicate
PhenakiteBrazil, Madagascar, Russia7.5-8.0Beryllium Silicate
PhosgeniteMexico, USA2.5-3.0Carbonate
PhosphophylliteBolivia3.5-4.0Phosphate
PolluciteUSA, Canada6.0-6.5Cesium Silicate
PowelliteCanada, USA3.5-4.0Molybdate
PrehniteAustralia, South Africa6.0-6.5Phyllosilicate
Princess of CarolinaMadagascar7.0-7.5Garnet
ProsopiteGreenland4.5-5.0Carbonate
ProteusBrazil7.5Garnet
Proteus GarnetBrazil7.5Garnet
ProustiteChile, Germany, Mexico, Peru2.5-3.0Sulfosalt
PumpellyiteUSA5.5Sorosilicate
PurpuriteNamibia4.0-4.5Phosphate
PyrargyriteMexico, Peru2.5-3.0Sulfosalt
PyriteWorldwide6.0-6.5Sulfide
Pyrope GarnetWorldwide7.0-7.5Garnet
PyrophylliteUnited States1 – 2.5Phyllosilicate
PyroxmangiteUnited States5 – 6Inosilicate
PyrrhotiteCanada, Norway3.5 – 4.5Sulfide
QuartzBrazil, Madagascar,United States, India7Oxide
Quartz, TibetTibet7Oxide
QuartziteUnited States,Brazil, India6.5 – 7Metamorphic Rock
RealgarPeru, China1.5 – 2.5Sulfide
Red BerylUnited States7.5 – 8Beryl
RhodiziteMadagascar6.5 – 7Nesosilicate
RhodochrositeArgentina, Peru3.5 – 4.5Carbonate
Rhodolite GarnetTanzania, Sri Lanka6.5 – 7.5Garnet
RhodonitePeru, Russia5.5 – 6.5Silicate
Rose QuartzBrazil, Madagascar7Quartz
Rough OrthoclaseUnited States6 – 6.5Feldspar
RubelliteBrazil, Nigeria7.5 – 8Tourmaline
RubyMyanmar, Thailand9Corundum
RutileAustralia, Norway6 – 6.5Oxide
Saltwater PearlWorldwide2.5 – 4.5Nacre
SamarskiteRussia, Canada5 – 5.5Oxide
SanidineUnited States6 – 6.5Feldspar
SapphireMyanmar, Sri Lanka9Corundum
SapphirineMadagascar, Russia6 – 7Silicate
SarcoliteUnited States4 – 5Silicate
ScapoliteCanada, Brazil5 – 6Silicate
ScheeliteChina, Canada4.5 – 5.5Tungstate
ScoroditeUnited States3.5 – 4Arsenate
SellaiteNorway3.5Halide
SenarmontiteAlgeria2.5 – 3Oxide
SeranditeMadagascar5.5 – 6Silicate
SerpentineUnited States,2.5 – 4Phyllosilicate
SarcoliteMadagascar, Canada5Calcite
ScapoliteMyanmar, Tanzania5.5-6.5Plagioclase
ScheeliteChina, Korea4.5-5.5Calcium Tungstate
ScoroditeChile, Germany3.5-4Arsenate
SellaiteItaly, Switzerland3.5-4Magnesite
SenarmontiteMexico, Algeria2.5-3Antimony
SeranditeRussia, Afghanistan6Manganese
SerpentineUSA, Afghanistan2.5-5.5Phyllosilicate
ShattuckiteCongo, Namibia3.5-4Copper Silicate
ShortiteUSA, Canada3.5-4Calcite
SideriteUSA, Brazil3.5-4.5Carbonate
SillimaniteIndia, USA6-7.5Aluminosilicate
SimpsoniteAustralia, USA4-5Barium Borate
SinhaliteSri Lanka, Myanmar6-6.5Borate
SmaltiteMorocco, Canada5.5-6Arsenide
SmithsoniteUSA, Mexico4-4.5Carbonate
Smokey QuartzBrazil, USA7Quartz
SodaliteGreenland, Canada5.5-6Feldspathoid
SogdianiteTajikistan, Russia7Silicate
SpessartiteBrazil, USA6.5-7.5Garnet
SphaleriteUSA, Mexico3.5-4Sulfide
SpinelBurma, Sri Lanka8Oxide
SpodumeneAfghanistan, Brazil6.5-7Pyroxene
SpurriteCanada, USA5.5-6Carbonate
Star SapphireSri Lanka, Myanmar9Corundum
StauroliteUSA, Switzerland7-7.5Silicate
StibiotantaliteMadagascar, Brazil6Oxide
StichtiteAustralia, Canada1.5-2Carbonate
StolziteMexico, USA3.5-4.5Tungstate
StrontianiteScotland, Germany3.5-4Carbonate
SugiliteSouth Africa, Japan5.5-6.5Silicate
SunstoneIndia, Norway, USA6-6.5Feldspar
TaaffeiteSri Lanka, Tanzania8Taaffeite
TalcChina, United States, Canada1Talc
TantaliteAustralia, Brazil, Canada6-6.5Tantalite
TektiteAustralia, Czech Republic, China5.5-6Natural Glass
TephroiteSweden, Germany5-6Tephroite
ThaumasiteCanada, Italy3.5-4.5Thaumasite
ThomsoniteIndia, Scotland5-5.5Zeolite
Tiger’s EyeAustralia, South Africa, USA7Quartz
TopazBrazil, Russia, United States8Topaz
TourmalineBrazil, Afghanistan, USA7-7.5Tourmaline
TremoliteCanada, Italy, Pakistan5-6Amphibole
TsavoriteKenya, Tanzania7-7.5Garnet
TugtupiteGreenland, Canada4.5-5Tugtupite
TurquoiseUSA, Iran, China5-6Turquoise
UlexiteUSA, Argentina, Kazakhstan2.5-3Ulexite
UvaroviteRussia, Finland6-6.5Garnet
VanadiniteMorocco, USA3-4Vanadinite
VarisciteUSA, Germany, Australia4-5Variscite
VäyryneniteNorway, Madagascar5.5-6Väyrynenite
VilliaumiteRussia, Canada2.5-3Villiaumite
VivianiteBolivia, Germany, USA1.5-2.5Vivianite
WarditeUSA, Germany, Bolivia5.5-6Phosphates
WavelliteUK, Germany, USA3.5-4Phosphates
WeloganiteCanada4.5-5Carbonates
WhewelliteGermany, USA, UK2.5-3Oxalates
WilkeiteUSA5-5.5Sulfates
WillemiteUSA, Belgium, Namibia5.5Silicates
WitheriteUK3.5-4Carbonates
WollastoniteUSA, Canada, Mexico4.5-5Inosilicates
WulfeniteUSA, Mexico, Austria2.75-3Lead Molybdates
XonotliteMexico6Sorosilicates
YugawaraliteJapan4-4.5Phyllosilicates
ZektzeriteAfghanistan5-6Cyclosilicates
ZincitePoland, USA4-5Oxides
ZirconAustralia, Brazil, India, USA6.5-7.5Nesosilicates
ZunyiteUSA6.5-7Sorosilicates
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