Gemstone | Country | Hardness | Parent Gemstone |
Actinolite | Canada, USA | 5-6 | Amphibole |
Adamite | Mexico, Chile | 3.5-4.5 | Arsenate |
Agate | Brazil, Uruguay | 6.5-7 | Chalcedony |
Albite | Brazil, Madagascar | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Alexandrite | Russia, Brazil | 8.5 | Chrysoberyl |
Algodonite | Mexico | 3-4 | Sulfide |
Almandine Garnet | India, USA | 7-7.5 | Garnet |
Amazonite | Russia, Brazil | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Amber | Dominican Republic, Baltic region | 2-2.5 | Organic |
Amblygonite | Brazil, USA | 6-7 | Phosphate |
Amethyst | Brazil, Uruguay | 7 | Quartz |
Ametrine | Bolivia | 7 | Quartz |
Ammolite | Canada | 3.5-4 | Aragonite |
Analcime | USA, Italy | 5-5.5 | Zeolite |
Anatase | Switzerland | 5.5-6 | Titanium oxide |
Andalusite | Spain, France | 7-7.5 | Silicate |
Andesine | USA, Canada, China | 6-6.5 | Plagioclase |
Andradite | USA, Mexico, Russia | 6.5-7 | Garnet |
Anglesite | UK, Mexico | 2.5-3 | Sulfate |
Anorthite | USA, Canada | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Apatite | Brazil, Mexico, Russia | 5 | Phosphate |
Apophyllite | India, Brazil | 4.5-5 | Zeolite |
Aquamarine | Brazil, Pakistan | 7.5-8 | Beryl |
Aragonite | Spain, Mexico | 3.5-4 | Carbonate |
Augelite | USA, Chile | 6-7 | Phosphate |
Axinite | France, Italy | 6.5-7 | Silicate |
Azurite | Morocco, USA | 3.5-4 | Carbonate |
Barite | USA, China, India | 2.5-3.5 | Sulfate |
Bayldonite | Mexico, USA | 4.5 | Arsenate |
Benitoite | USA | 6-6.5 | Silicate |
Beryl | Brazil, Colombia, USA | 7.5-8 | Cyclosilicate |
Beryllonite | USA, Madagascar | 5.5-6 | Phosphate |
Bicolor Spodumene | Afghanistan, USA | 6.5-7 | Pyroxene |
Bismutotantalite | Australia, Brazil | 6 | Oxide |
Bloodstone | India, Brazil | 6.5-7 | Chalcedony |
Blue Spinel | Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania | 7.5-8 | Oxide |
Boleite | Mexico | 3-3.5 | Halide |
Boracite | Germany, Russia | 7 | Halide |
Bornite | USA, Mexico, Morocco | 3 | Sulfide |
Brazilianite | Brazil, USA | 5.5-6 | Phosphate |
Breithauptite | Canada | 3.5-4 | Sulfide |
Brookite | Pakistan, USA | 5.5-6 | Oxide |
Brucite | USA, Russia | 2.5-3.5 | Hydroxide |
Bustamite | USA, Peru, South Africa | 5.5-6.5 | Silicate |
Bytownite | Canada, Norway | 6-6.5 | Plagioclase |
Calcite | Worldwide | 3 | Carbonate |
Canasite | Canada | 5-6 | Sorosilicate |
Cancrinite | Russia, Canada | 5-6 | Feldspathoid |
Carnelian | Worldwide | 6.5-7 | Chalcedony |
Cassiterite | Worldwide | 6-7 | Oxide |
Catapleiite | Russia, Greenland | 5-6 | Neso-silicate |
Celestite | Worldwide | 3-3.5 | Sulfate |
Ceruleite | USA | 2.5-3 | Carbonate |
Cerussite | Worldwide | 3-3.5 | Carbonate |
Chabazite | Worldwide | 4.5-5 | Zeolite |
Chalcedony | Worldwide | 6.5-7 | Silicate |
Chambersite | Russia | 4.5-5 | Carbonate |
Charoite | Russia | 5-6 | Inosilicate |
Childrenite | Brazil | 3-4 | Phosphate |
Chiolite | Greenland | 2.5-3 | Halide |
Chromite | Worldwide | 5.5-6.5 | Oxide |
Chrysoberyl | Worldwide | 8.5 | Oxide |
Chrysocolla | Worldwide | 2-4 | Silicate |
Chrysoprase | Australia | 6.5-7 | Chalcedony |
Cinnabar | Worldwide | 2-2.5 | Sulfide |
Citrine | Brazil | 7 | Quartz |
Clinochlore | Worldwide | 2-3 | Phyllosilicate |
Cobaltite | Worldwide | 5.5-6 | Arsenide |
Colemanite | USA, Turkey | 4.5-5.5 | Borate |
Color Change Garnet | Madagascar, Kenya | 7-7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Color Change Sapphire | Madagascar | 9 | Oxide |
Danburite | Mexico, Russia | 7-7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Datolite | Worldwide | 5-5.5 | Sorosilicate |
Demantoid Garnet | Russia, Namibia | 6.5-7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Diamond | Worldwide | 10 | Native Element |
Diaspore | Turkey | 6.5-7 | Oxide |
Dickinsonite | USA | 2.5-3 | Carbonate |
Diopside | Worldwide | 5.5-6.5 | Inosilicate |
Dioptase | Congo, Russia | 5 | Cyclosilicate |
Dolomite | Worldwide | 3.5-4 | Carbonate |
Dumortierite | Worldwide | 7-8 | Nesosilicate |
Ekanite | Tanzania | 5-6 | Inosilicate |
Emerald | Colombia, Zambia | 7.5-8 | Cyclosilicate |
Enstatite | Worldwide | 5.5-6 | Inosilicate |
Eosphorite | Brazil, USA | 5-5.5 | Phosphate |
Epidote | Worldwide | 6-7 | Sorosilicate |
Ettringite | Germany, USA | 2.5-3.5 | Sulfate |
Euclase | Colombia, Zimbabwe | 7.5-8 | Cyclosilicate |
Eudialyte | Greenland, Russia | 5-6 | Cyclosilicate |
Euxenite | Norway, Greenland | 5-6 | Oxide |
Fergusonite | Canada, Madagascar, USA | 5-5.5 | Oxide |
Fluorite | Worldwide | 4 | Halide |
Freshwater Pearl | Worldwide | 2.5-4.5 | Carbonate |
Friedelite | Canada, Russia | 4.5 | Inosilicate |
Gadolinite | Madagascar, Norway, USA | 6.5-7 | Nesosilicate |
Gahnospinel | Myanmar, Tajikistan | 7-7.5 | Spinel |
Garnet | Worldwide | 6.5-7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Gaylussite | Canada, USA | 2.5-3.5 | Carbonate |
Grandidierite | Madagascar | 7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Grossular Clinochlore | USA | 6.5-7 | Inosilicate |
Grossular Garnet | Italy, Kenya, Tanzania, USA | 6.5-7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Gypsum | Worldwide | 2 | Sulfate |
Hambergite | Afghanistan, USA | 7.5-8 | Cyclosilicate |
Haüyne | Italy, Canada | 5.5-6 | Tectosilicate |
Heliodor | Brazil, Madagascar, Namibia, Russia | 7.5-8 | Cyclosilicate |
Hematite | Worldwide | 5.5-6.5 | Oxide |
Hemimorphite | Worldwide | 4.5-5 | Sorosilicate |
Herderite | Afghanistan, Brazil, USA | 5-5.5 | Phosphate |
Hessonite | India, Sri Lanka | 6.5-7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Hodgkinsonite | Democratic Republic of Congo | 3.5-4 | Carbonate |
Holtite | Kazakhstan | 5.5-6 | Inosilicate |
Howlite | Canada, USA | 3.5-7 | Borate |
Humite | Afghanistan, Italy, Russia | 6-7 | Sorosilicate |
Hureaulite | Brazil, USA | 5-5.5 | Phosphate |
Hurlbutite | USA | 4.5-5 | Nesoborosilicate |
Hydrogrossular Garnet | Canada, Italy, Kenya, Tanzania | 6.5-7.5 | Nesosilicate |
Hyperitdiabas | Germany | 5-6 | Igneous Rock/ Diorite |
Inderite | India | 5.5 – 6.5 | Tourmaline |
Indochinite Tektite | Vietnam | – | Tektite |
Iolite | India | 7 – 7.5 | Cordierite |
Jadeite | Myanmar | 6.5 – 7 | Pyroxene |
Jasper | Worldwide | 6.5 – 7 | Chalcedony |
Jeremejevite | Namibia | 6 – 7.5 | Borate |
Jet | Worldwide | 2.5 – 4 | Coal |
Kämmererite | Turkey | 2.5 – 3 | Chromite |
Kornerupine | Tanzania | 6 – 7 | Borosilicate |
Kurnakovite | Russia | 3.5 | Sulfate |
Kyanite | Worldwide | 4.5 – 7 | Silicate |
Labradorite | Canada | 6 – 6.5 | Feldspar |
Langbeinite | USA | 3 | Sulfate |
Lapis Lazuli | Afghanistan | 5 – 5.5 | Rock |
Laserblue | USA | – | Chalcedony |
Lawsonite | USA | 7.5 – 8 | Zeolite |
Lazulite | Worldwide | 5 – 6 | Phosphate |
Legrandite | Mexico | 3.5 – 4 | Arsenate |
Lepidolite | Worldwide | 2.5 – 4 | Mica |
Leucite | Italy | 5.5 – 6 | Feldspathoid |
Linarite | USA, Mexico | 2.5 – 3.5 | Sulfate |
Ludlamite | USA | 3.5 – 4.5 | Phosphate |
Magnesite | Worldwide | 3.5 – 4 | Carbonate |
Malachite | Worldwide | 3.5 – 4 | Carbonate |
Mali Garnet | Mali | 7 – 7.5 | Garnet |
Mandarin Garnet | Namibia | 7 – 7.5 | Garnet |
Manganotantalite | Madagascar | 6 | Oxide |
Marcasite | Worldwide | 6 – 6.5 | Sulfide |
Meliphanite | Russia | 5 – 6 | Sorosilicate |
Mellite | Germany | 2 – 2.5 | Organic |
Microcline | Worldwide | 6 – 6.5 | Feldspar |
Microlite | Brazil | 5 – 7 | Oxide |
Milarite | Switzerland | 4.5-5 | Silicate |
Millerite | USA, Canada | 3-3.5 | Sulfide |
Mimetite | Namibia, Mexico | 3.5-4.5 | Lead Chloride |
Moldavite | Czech Republic | 5.5-6 | Tektite |
Monazite | Brazil, India | 5-5.5 | Phosphate |
Moonstone | India, Sri Lanka | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Mordenite | USA, India | 4.5-5 | Zeolite |
Morganite | Brazil, USA | 7.5-8 | Beryl |
Nambulite | Australia | 4-4.5 | Copper arsenate |
Natural Pearl | Worldwide | 2.5-4.5 | Nacreous |
Nepheline | Russia, Canada | 5.5-6 | Silicate |
Nephrite | China, Canada | 6-6.5 | Jade |
Neptunite | USA | 5-6 | Silicate |
Obsidian | Worldwide | 5-5.5 | Volcanic Glass |
Oligoclase | USA, Norway | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Onyx | USA, Mexico | 6.5-7 | Chalcedony |
Opal Stone | Australia, Mexico | 5.5-6.5 | Mineraloid |
Oregon Sunstone | USA | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Orthoclase | Worldwide | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Paraíba Tourmaline | Brazil, Nigeria | 7.0-7.5 | Tourmaline |
Pargasite | Italy, USA, Canada | 5.5-6.0 | Amphibole |
Parisite | Madagascar, USA | 4.5-5.0 | Carbonate |
Pearl | Worldwide | 2.5-4.5 | Nacre |
Pentlandite | Canada, Russia | 3.5-4.0 | Sulfide |
Periclase | Russia | 5.5-6.5 | Oxide |
Peridot | Worldwide | 6.5-7.0 | Olivine |
Peristerite | Russia | 6.0-6.5 | Plagioclase |
Perthite | Worldwide | 6.0-6.5 | Feldspar |
Petalite | Brazil, USA, Madagascar | 6.0-6.5 | Lithium Aluminum Silicate |
Phenakite | Brazil, Madagascar, Russia | 7.5-8.0 | Beryllium Silicate |
Phosgenite | Mexico, USA | 2.5-3.0 | Carbonate |
Phosphophyllite | Bolivia | 3.5-4.0 | Phosphate |
Pollucite | USA, Canada | 6.0-6.5 | Cesium Silicate |
Powellite | Canada, USA | 3.5-4.0 | Molybdate |
Prehnite | Australia, South Africa | 6.0-6.5 | Phyllosilicate |
Princess of Carolina | Madagascar | 7.0-7.5 | Garnet |
Prosopite | Greenland | 4.5-5.0 | Carbonate |
Proteus | Brazil | 7.5 | Garnet |
Proteus Garnet | Brazil | 7.5 | Garnet |
Proustite | Chile, Germany, Mexico, Peru | 2.5-3.0 | Sulfosalt |
Pumpellyite | USA | 5.5 | Sorosilicate |
Purpurite | Namibia | 4.0-4.5 | Phosphate |
Pyrargyrite | Mexico, Peru | 2.5-3.0 | Sulfosalt |
Pyrite | Worldwide | 6.0-6.5 | Sulfide |
Pyrope Garnet | Worldwide | 7.0-7.5 | Garnet |
Pyrophyllite | United States | 1 – 2.5 | Phyllosilicate |
Pyroxmangite | United States | 5 – 6 | Inosilicate |
Pyrrhotite | Canada, Norway | 3.5 – 4.5 | Sulfide |
Quartz | Brazil, Madagascar,United States, India | 7 | Oxide |
Quartz, Tibet | Tibet | 7 | Oxide |
Quartzite | United States,Brazil, India | 6.5 – 7 | Metamorphic Rock |
Realgar | Peru, China | 1.5 – 2.5 | Sulfide |
Red Beryl | United States | 7.5 – 8 | Beryl |
Rhodizite | Madagascar | 6.5 – 7 | Nesosilicate |
Rhodochrosite | Argentina, Peru | 3.5 – 4.5 | Carbonate |
Rhodolite Garnet | Tanzania, Sri Lanka | 6.5 – 7.5 | Garnet |
Rhodonite | Peru, Russia | 5.5 – 6.5 | Silicate |
Rose Quartz | Brazil, Madagascar | 7 | Quartz |
Rough Orthoclase | United States | 6 – 6.5 | Feldspar |
Rubellite | Brazil, Nigeria | 7.5 – 8 | Tourmaline |
Ruby | Myanmar, Thailand | 9 | Corundum |
Rutile | Australia, Norway | 6 – 6.5 | Oxide |
Saltwater Pearl | Worldwide | 2.5 – 4.5 | Nacre |
Samarskite | Russia, Canada | 5 – 5.5 | Oxide |
Sanidine | United States | 6 – 6.5 | Feldspar |
Sapphire | Myanmar, Sri Lanka | 9 | Corundum |
Sapphirine | Madagascar, Russia | 6 – 7 | Silicate |
Sarcolite | United States | 4 – 5 | Silicate |
Scapolite | Canada, Brazil | 5 – 6 | Silicate |
Scheelite | China, Canada | 4.5 – 5.5 | Tungstate |
Scorodite | United States | 3.5 – 4 | Arsenate |
Sellaite | Norway | 3.5 | Halide |
Senarmontite | Algeria | 2.5 – 3 | Oxide |
Serandite | Madagascar | 5.5 – 6 | Silicate |
Serpentine | United States, | 2.5 – 4 | Phyllosilicate |
Sarcolite | Madagascar, Canada | 5 | Calcite |
Scapolite | Myanmar, Tanzania | 5.5-6.5 | Plagioclase |
Scheelite | China, Korea | 4.5-5.5 | Calcium Tungstate |
Scorodite | Chile, Germany | 3.5-4 | Arsenate |
Sellaite | Italy, Switzerland | 3.5-4 | Magnesite |
Senarmontite | Mexico, Algeria | 2.5-3 | Antimony |
Serandite | Russia, Afghanistan | 6 | Manganese |
Serpentine | USA, Afghanistan | 2.5-5.5 | Phyllosilicate |
Shattuckite | Congo, Namibia | 3.5-4 | Copper Silicate |
Shortite | USA, Canada | 3.5-4 | Calcite |
Siderite | USA, Brazil | 3.5-4.5 | Carbonate |
Sillimanite | India, USA | 6-7.5 | Aluminosilicate |
Simpsonite | Australia, USA | 4-5 | Barium Borate |
Sinhalite | Sri Lanka, Myanmar | 6-6.5 | Borate |
Smaltite | Morocco, Canada | 5.5-6 | Arsenide |
Smithsonite | USA, Mexico | 4-4.5 | Carbonate |
Smokey Quartz | Brazil, USA | 7 | Quartz |
Sodalite | Greenland, Canada | 5.5-6 | Feldspathoid |
Sogdianite | Tajikistan, Russia | 7 | Silicate |
Spessartite | Brazil, USA | 6.5-7.5 | Garnet |
Sphalerite | USA, Mexico | 3.5-4 | Sulfide |
Spinel | Burma, Sri Lanka | 8 | Oxide |
Spodumene | Afghanistan, Brazil | 6.5-7 | Pyroxene |
Spurrite | Canada, USA | 5.5-6 | Carbonate |
Star Sapphire | Sri Lanka, Myanmar | 9 | Corundum |
Staurolite | USA, Switzerland | 7-7.5 | Silicate |
Stibiotantalite | Madagascar, Brazil | 6 | Oxide |
Stichtite | Australia, Canada | 1.5-2 | Carbonate |
Stolzite | Mexico, USA | 3.5-4.5 | Tungstate |
Strontianite | Scotland, Germany | 3.5-4 | Carbonate |
Sugilite | South Africa, Japan | 5.5-6.5 | Silicate |
Sunstone | India, Norway, USA | 6-6.5 | Feldspar |
Taaffeite | Sri Lanka, Tanzania | 8 | Taaffeite |
Talc | China, United States, Canada | 1 | Talc |
Tantalite | Australia, Brazil, Canada | 6-6.5 | Tantalite |
Tektite | Australia, Czech Republic, China | 5.5-6 | Natural Glass |
Tephroite | Sweden, Germany | 5-6 | Tephroite |
Thaumasite | Canada, Italy | 3.5-4.5 | Thaumasite |
Thomsonite | India, Scotland | 5-5.5 | Zeolite |
Tiger’s Eye | Australia, South Africa, USA | 7 | Quartz |
Topaz | Brazil, Russia, United States | 8 | Topaz |
Tourmaline | Brazil, Afghanistan, USA | 7-7.5 | Tourmaline |
Tremolite | Canada, Italy, Pakistan | 5-6 | Amphibole |
Tsavorite | Kenya, Tanzania | 7-7.5 | Garnet |
Tugtupite | Greenland, Canada | 4.5-5 | Tugtupite |
Turquoise | USA, Iran, China | 5-6 | Turquoise |
Ulexite | USA, Argentina, Kazakhstan | 2.5-3 | Ulexite |
Uvarovite | Russia, Finland | 6-6.5 | Garnet |
Vanadinite | Morocco, USA | 3-4 | Vanadinite |
Variscite | USA, Germany, Australia | 4-5 | Variscite |
Väyrynenite | Norway, Madagascar | 5.5-6 | Väyrynenite |
Villiaumite | Russia, Canada | 2.5-3 | Villiaumite |
Vivianite | Bolivia, Germany, USA | 1.5-2.5 | Vivianite |
Wardite | USA, Germany, Bolivia | 5.5-6 | Phosphates |
Wavellite | UK, Germany, USA | 3.5-4 | Phosphates |
Weloganite | Canada | 4.5-5 | Carbonates |
Whewellite | Germany, USA, UK | 2.5-3 | Oxalates |
Wilkeite | USA | 5-5.5 | Sulfates |
Willemite | USA, Belgium, Namibia | 5.5 | Silicates |
Witherite | UK | 3.5-4 | Carbonates |
Wollastonite | USA, Canada, Mexico | 4.5-5 | Inosilicates |
Wulfenite | USA, Mexico, Austria | 2.75-3 | Lead Molybdates |
Xonotlite | Mexico | 6 | Sorosilicates |
Yugawaralite | Japan | 4-4.5 | Phyllosilicates |
Zektzerite | Afghanistan | 5-6 | Cyclosilicates |
Zincite | Poland, USA | 4-5 | Oxides |
Zircon | Australia, Brazil, India, USA | 6.5-7.5 | Nesosilicates |
Zunyite | USA | 6.5-7 | Sorosilicates |